Autoimmunity and Microbiome

The interaction since the birth of the microbiome with the immune system influences the development of autoimmune disorders. The cross-talk between microbiota and the immune system regulates innate and adaptative homeostasis in the mucosa. In a genetically susceptible individual, the imbalances between the microbiota and immune system in certain environmental contexts could contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmunity. Compositional and metabolic changes of microbiota have been reported in autoimmune diseases, the evidence suggests that dysbiosis contributes to the disease pathogenesis. The autoimmune mechanisms proposed to be associated with microbiome include abnormal microbial translocation, molecular mimicry, and dysregulation of the microbiome.