TY - JOUR
T1 - Monocyte Locomotion Inhibitory Factor Produced by E. Histolytica Improves Motor Recovery and Develops Neuroprotection after Traumatic Injury to the Spinal Cord
AU - Bermeo, Gabriela
AU - Ibarra, Antonio
AU - García, Elisa
AU - Flores-Romero, Adrian
AU - Rico-Rosillo, Guadalupe
AU - Marroquín, Rubén
AU - Mestre, Humberto
AU - Flores, Carmina
AU - Blanco-Favela, Francisco
AU - Silva-García, Raúl
PY - 2013/12/6
Y1 - 2013/12/6
N2 - Monocyte locomotion inhibitory factor (MLIF) is a pentapeptide produced by Entamoeba histolytica that has a potent anti-inflammatory effect. Either MLIF or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was administered directly onto the spinal cord (SC) immediately after injury. Motor recovery was evaluated. We also analyzed neuroprotection by quantifying the number of surviving ventral horn motor neurons and the persistence of rubrospinal tract neurons. To evaluate the mechanism through which MLIF improved the outcome of SC injury, we quantified the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) genes at the site of injury. Finally, the levels of nitric oxide and of lipid peroxidation were also determined in peripheral blood. Results showed that MLIF improved the rate of motor recovery and this correlated with an increased survival of ventral horn and rubrospinal neurons. These beneficial effects were in turn associated with a reduction in iNOS gene products and a significant upregulation of IL-10 and TGF-β expression. In the same way, MLIF reduced the concentration of nitric oxide and the levels of lipid peroxidation in systemic circulation. The present results demonstrate for the first time the neuroprotective effects endowed by MLIF after SC injury.
AB - Monocyte locomotion inhibitory factor (MLIF) is a pentapeptide produced by Entamoeba histolytica that has a potent anti-inflammatory effect. Either MLIF or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was administered directly onto the spinal cord (SC) immediately after injury. Motor recovery was evaluated. We also analyzed neuroprotection by quantifying the number of surviving ventral horn motor neurons and the persistence of rubrospinal tract neurons. To evaluate the mechanism through which MLIF improved the outcome of SC injury, we quantified the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) genes at the site of injury. Finally, the levels of nitric oxide and of lipid peroxidation were also determined in peripheral blood. Results showed that MLIF improved the rate of motor recovery and this correlated with an increased survival of ventral horn and rubrospinal neurons. These beneficial effects were in turn associated with a reduction in iNOS gene products and a significant upregulation of IL-10 and TGF-β expression. In the same way, MLIF reduced the concentration of nitric oxide and the levels of lipid peroxidation in systemic circulation. The present results demonstrate for the first time the neuroprotective effects endowed by MLIF after SC injury.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84888879387&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1155/2013/340727
DO - 10.1155/2013/340727
M3 - Artículo
C2 - 24294606
AN - SCOPUS:84888879387
SN - 2314-6133
VL - 2013
JO - BioMed Research International
JF - BioMed Research International
M1 - 340727
ER -